DIALECTICS OF EVOLUTIONS SYSTEMS APPROACH and NEW FRONTIERS OF PHILOSOPHY

Common man is generally not interested in “high philosophy”. He feels that it is beyond his grasp. He assures himself that he can as well get on without it. He is concerned only with the ruling moral values he has imbibed and the “mundane” benefits or the unhappy results that the “high intellectual” persuits of great men bring about in his life. But such days are gone for ever. The need of the day is that every individual understands the forces driving him and lends his hand to control them. Every human being strives to live happily. The happiness one craves for is something as perceived by one as such. The first perception of happiness is derived through one’s senses when s/he is a baby. It is later modified by family, school, employment, one’s surrounding Nature and society at large. This perception is not always sound. That is why we commit mistakes, resulting in pain and (rarely of course) disasters. Sometimes our pursuits bring happiness in the short run but the opposite in the long run. Conversely some bring pain in the short run and happiness in the long run. Things which are painful in both short and long run are rarely “selected”. This is one of the basic dichotomies of life. Knowledge is power. It is the most valuable amongst all the assets that a human being possesses. But it never comes in without effort. Initially there is no other way for human beings to gain knowledge except through experience. Along with learning how to be happy, inhibitions are developed against unhappy things. Then memory is gradually built up, so that one’s experiences are not lost but could be stored and recalled for use later. Then we start learning from others’ experiences. The “others” goes on expanding as the struggle against hostile Nature requires larger organized groups to live in an organized way. As memory gets loaded more and more, intelligence develops to classify, arrange and generalize information and experiences. Gaining information, sifting, arranging and theorization follow each other in an expanding spiral fashion, or a twisted braid continuously prolonged through addition of new strands. The individuals and the groups developed great civilizations in this process. This spiraling movement till recently has taken place independently in various regions of the globe only with occasional interaction amongst them through invasions, trade, religious zeal etc., over millinia of such activity. We have presently arrived at a stage when humanity is struggling to merge into one global civilization standing over the basement of regional cultures. This could be achieved only when larger sections of all regions of the globe come to a common way of looking at things with mutual humane interests in view and committing lesser errors in decision making. A sort of global unity in diversity needs to be achieved with effort. For some centuries to come, human societies, all over the globe, face the problems arising out of spread of industrialization, everywhere. Industrialization started in England in the end of eighteenth century is yet to ripen to completion all over the globe. The resultant problems are aggravated by the unevenness in development and unknown (or even unknowable) seeds of future stage. Unless every one takes some time to deepen his understanding beyond the ruling ideas and acts with the resultant wisdom, all of us would drift along the path of least resistance and the outcome may not be desirable to any one. To this end, natural leaders at the village and small town level and just above should be developed to play heads and brains of their flock but not their tails and not implicit carriers of instructions from the top as at present. They need an exposure to modern scientific theories of cosmology, biology, evolution etc. I have added my own views on history and systems derived from the data, to these subjects to serve the object better. I hope this book may prove quite handy for the purpose. This book also aims at exposing the educated layman to update physical and biological sciences, history etc., which would help him to understand the working of his world and his role in it better. Students who start from questioning basics at the grass root level may find rich cross-cultural data quite useful, in further enquiry. It may also help sincere truth seekers, who are bogged down in some controvercy on some minor detail or an imagined devil, to pull themselves out and see the forest. I am a layman myself. My perception may not all be perfect. But the data in contours and findings in outline from different branches of science particularly biology, history and current affairs provided in the book should help even the specialists in a particular field for further research indiscovering laws of transformations, if not at least in moulding the new philosophy so badly needed by lay men all over. I am particularly indebted to authors of “LIFE” in this regard. There are many more authors whom I could not mention in bibliography since my way of taking notes was not systematic. I read for my own enlightenment and not with a view to write. I write when I feel I should share it with others. After all, it is the swarm intelligence of mainstream population combined with socialization of research that builds civilizations! I have raised as many questions as I have raised potential fresh ideas. How worthy they are future should tell. They are shared with all so that they do not die with me. Perhaps, I would not have ventured to to publish this at this stage, if I were sure of a working life of ten more years., or alternately, a team consisting of a biologist, economist, historian, physicist, and, a mathematician could be mustered for a few years for this purpose. There are some repetitions which could not be avoided since the subject is in its ground breaking level and the same fact or phenomenon has to be examined from different angles. Such repetitions would annoy some readers but would help readers who do not read at strech.They need not search through back papers for reference. More capable readers can always skip through them. After all, even alchemists were forerunners of modern chemistry! The author